Sai vedere se il tuo cavallo prova dolore?
Giudicare il livello di dolore o disagio che un cavallo può vivere può essere una sfida per chiunque. Dobbiamo fare affidamento su segni comportamentali che differiscono tra i cavalli e cambiano attraverso le situazioni.
Le risposte al dolore includono indicatori comportamentali attivi (come orecchie basse, morsi ai fianchi e zoppia) o soppressione di indicatori; i cavalli stoici cadono in quest’ultimo gruppo. La mancanza di espressione potrebbe indicare una maggiore tolleranza, ma la soppressione dei segni di dolore potrebbe anche riflettere una strategia evolutiva di sopravvivenza negli animali da preda, inclusi i cavalli, perché nasconde la vulnerabilità in presenza di predatori. Gli occhi
Postura del corpo Cambiamenti nel livello di attività |
Judging the level of pain or discomfort a horse experiences can be a challenge for anybody. We have to rely on behavioral signs that differ among horses and change across situations.
Responses to pain include active behavioral indicators (such as ear-pinning, flank-biting, and lameness), or suppression of behavior; stoic horses fall into this latter group. This lack of expression could indicate a higher tolerance, but suppressing signs of pain might also reflect an evolved survival strategy in prey animals, including horses, because it hides vulnerability in the presence of predators1. The horse can reveal pain, fear, irritation, and contentment through its body language. Some aspects of these emotional states are involuntary and impossible for even the most stoic horse to suppress. The EyesA horse’s eyes are a window to its emotions. When a horse experiences distress or pain, the pupils dilate or constrict, and the eye changes shape. A relaxed horse has a round, soft eye, but when in pain the eyelids might close and the orbital crest bones become exposed and prominent2. The eye takes on yet a different shape when a horse experiences stress or fear – it becomes triangular, and wrinkles form above the eye; the greater the number and depth of wrinkles, the more stressed the horse is likely to be. Other Facial IndicatorsHorses experiencing pain might hold tension in the jaw and clench or grid their teeth. Tension above the mouth causes the upper lip to draw back, creating the appearance of a pronounced “chin.” The horse’s nostrils become rigid and dilated. The horse might also hold its ears stiffly to the side or back, giving the appearance that they are set widely apart. Body PostureSome horses react to annoying or aversive stimuli with learned defensive behaviors (avoidance, escape, and aggression), but a withdrawn body posture is more widely recognized as an indicator of pain. The withdrawn horse has a low head carriage, with the neck horizontal to the ground rather than rounded. It has a rigid stance and fixed gaze, head position, and ear position. Changes in Activity LevelExpressive horses might become restless, irritable, anxious, or aggressive when they experience pain, but stoic horses, and those with chronic or severe pain, typically become less active and more isolated. They are often indifferent or slow to respond to events going on around them, have a loss of appetite, and show changes in sleep patterns—especially if laying down is impaired by the pain. Horses with low emotional expressivity have experiences that are more intense than their body language reveals. Your horse is fortunate to have an owner who cares about how he is feeling, because it can be easy to miss or brush off the stoic horse’s subtle signs of pain, discomfort, fear, or even happiness. Becoming familiar with your horse’s typical behavior will help you recognize changes in facial expression, body posture, and activity levels that signal pain or discomfort. Remember: Contact your veterinarian if your horse shows signs of severe or chronic pain that might be associated with an injury or illness requiring medical attention. |
Posted by Robin Foster, PhD, CHBC, Cert. AAB, IAABC | Oct 11, 2018 | Behavior, Commentary, Equine Behavior Commentary Series, Pain Management, Welfare and Industry